The Merchant Shipping
(Examination of Masters and Mates) Rules, 1985
APPENDIX
"J"
[SEE RULES 45(4) AND 58(3)]
SYLLABUS FOR THE EXAMINATIONS FOR
MASTERS & MATES
SECTION - 1
1. In every paper questions may be set
combining one or more paragraphs of sub-sections.
2. The Syllabus for any grade includes the
syllabus in the appropriate subject in the lower grades.
3. S.I. Units of measurements shall be
used for all subjects.
4. Where appropriate, candidate should
demonstrate their understanding of the work by means of sketches drawn with
reasonable means of accuracy.
5. In questions on practical navigation,
total corrections of altitudes by means of tables may be used.
6. In questions on principles of
navigation each altitude correction must be shown separately and appropriate
figures reasonably to scale should accompany all work with a statement in
respect of projection used.
7. In the written and oral parts of all
syllabuses candidate shall be required to be familiar with the correct use of
nautical terminology.
8. Candidates will be allowed to work out
the various problems according to any method which they have been accustomed to
use, provided that such method is correct in principle.
9. When making calculations for obtaining
a ship, position candidates should work to 0:2 of a minute of one and to the
nearest second of time.
10. The method of calculation used in
obtaining a position line should be capable oof giving an answer within one
nautical mile.
11. In calculation of compass errors,
bearings and courses the answer should be worked out to within 0.5 of a degree.
12. In calculating the correction to apply
to soundings it will be sufficient if the candidate's answer is within 15 cms.
of aprecise result.
13. In calculation of stability and cargo
work, draughts and values of Hydrostatic information should be worked out to
the nearest 0.01 metre and displacements, quantity of cargo or weights in
general to the nearest 0.1 tonne.
14. Makrs will be cut when paper composition
bad grammer and incorrect spellings are used.
The
candidate must possess a thorough knowledge of the sense and intention of the
International regulations for preventing collisions at sea. More ability to repeat the regulations word
for word will not suffice to ensure the candidate's passing, nor will the lack
of it necessarily entail, failure, provided the candidate graps the full
significance, content and practical application of the Rules. Through knowledge—with
respect to paras 7 to 11 (both inclusive of annexe I and subparas a to d (both
inclusive) of para 1 of annexe III of the collision regulation is not required.
SECOND MATE
(Foreig-Going)
PART 'A' – (Written)
(1) NAUTICAL PHYSICS—3 HOURS—200 MARKS
(i) MECHANICS :
(ii) VECTORS : Graphical representation of
forces:
Vectors.
Compoents of a Vector
Resultant
or vector sum
Resultant by rectangular resolution
Vector
difference
EQUILIERIUM AND
STABILITY :
Stable,
unstable and netural equilibrium
Examples of
equilibrium
First and
Second Conditions of equilibrium
Moment of
force, Law of moments
Resultant of
parallel forces and couples
Centre of
Gravity
Stability of
Ship.
MOTION :
Curviliner
Motion and Hodograph
Banking of
Ships and Angle of Banking
Simple
Harmonic Motion.
Wave Motion.
Water Waves.
Projectile.
Variation in "g" due to rotation of the earth due
to Latitude and elevation.
ROTATION :
Moment of
Intertia and Radius of Gyration
Vector
representation of angular quantities
Procession,
Nutation
The top and
the Gyroscope
Stability
with rotation.
COLLISION :
Conservation
of momentum and energy
Elastic and
inelastic collisions.
HYDROSTATICS :
Hydrostatic
pressure
Bourdon
Pressure Gauge
Factors
influencing hydrostatic pressure
Archimedes
Principle and Principle of Flotation
Floating ice
berg.
Floating in
salt water and in fresh water.
Marine
hydrometer.
Plimso II
mark.
Toy Diver
Submarines
(and cuttle fish)
Bathyscaphe
(and Helioocranclia)
ELASTICITY :
Different
moduli of elasticity
Bulk Modulus
of water
Bending
moment of simple supported beams.
Cantilever.
SURFACE
TENSION :
Excess
pressure inside an air bubble in an oil tank.
Role of
surface tension in the water waves.
Surface
tension and suppression tidal waves.
HYDRO
DYNAMICS & VISCOSITY :
Streamline
and Turbulant flow
Bernolullie's equation and its applications to sailing-yatch
and roter ships.
Flow of
viscous fluid through pipes.
Stoke's law.
SIMPLE
MACHINES :
Levers;
Screw;Inclined Plane;and Pulleys.
Properties of Pulleys;Pulley Systems;The block and
tackle;Weston differential Pulley.
(b) HEAT :
EXPANSION :
Coef. of
real expansion of water and sea-water.
Anomalous
expansion of water.
CHANGE OF STATE :
Melting point of ice and factors affecting the melting
point.
Boiling point of water and effects of pressure and
impurities.
Effects of
high latent heat of water.
HYGROMETRY :
S.V.P. and
partial vapour pressure.
Evaporation
and condensation.
Relative
Humidity and absolute humidity.
Hygrometers.
Petroleum
vapours.
Dew point;Hoar;Froast;Haze;Fog;Mist;Cloud;Rain;
Snow;Hail.
TRANSFERENCE OF HEAT :
Conduction
and thermal conductivity of Water.
Convection :
Theory of convection giving account of :-
Cloud
formation
Land and Sea
brezes
Trade winds;
doldrums
gliding of
air craft
Radiation : Newton's
Laws of heat radiation
Specific
heat of liquid
Optical
Pyrometer.
(v) HEAT ENGINES :
(Elementary Idea)
Carnet cycle
Refrigeration
Internal
Combustion petrol engine
Diesel
engine
Jet engines;
Turbo-jet and Ram-jet.
(c) LIGHT :
(i) REFLECTION :
Plane
mirror; Rotating mirrors
Spherical
mirrors and Spherical aberration
Parabolic
mirrors.
(ii) REFRACTION :
Refractive index and factors influencing Refractive Index.
Total internal reflection and internally reflecting prisms.
Pentagonal
Prism.
Atmospheric
refraction; mirage;
Haloes;
Blue of the
sky.
(iii) COLOURS :
Spectral and
Non spectral colours
Addition and
subtractive processes
Colour
blindness.
(iv) OPTICAL
INSTRUMENTS :
Sextant,
Azimuth mirror,; artificial
horizon, Periscope, Astronomical and Terrestrial Telescopes.
Range
finder.
(d) SOUND
(i) VALOCITY
OF SOUND :
Determination
of velocity of sound in sea water.
(ii) REFLECTION :
Echo;
reverberations.
(iii) CHARACTERISTICS SOUND :
Intensity
and loundness Descibel and bel;
Siren pitch
and frequency
Doppler's
effect
Qualifity of
Timber.
(iv) SOUND
RANGING :
Hydrophone
Geophone
Fathometer.
(v) ULTRASONIC
WAVES :
Application of, in the sea scanner; estimation of depth of
sea;detections of aircraft; submarines; shoals of fish.
(e) MAGNETISM :
(i) MAGNETIC
PROPERTIES :
Magnetic
permeability
Magnetic
Intensity
Hystersis
(ii) GEOMAGNETISM :
Magnetic
elements of the earth.
Determinations of variation;dip and H Errors in the
measurement of dip.
Isogenic and
Isoclinic lines.
Factors
influencing the elements.
(f) STATIC ELECTRICITY :
Electrostatic
field and Intensity.
Electrostatic
potential and Potential Energy.
Electrostatic
Capacitance
Energy of a
charged capacitor.
Electrostatic carging of oil in
pipeline
flow; oil mixing with water, oil
splashing.
(g) CURRENT ELECTRICITY :
Dhms law and
its application shunt
Kirchoff's law and its applications
Solenoid
Toreid
Electro copy; Magnetic Induction,
A.G. Generator
Earth Inductor
Transformer
Function, characterstics and use of
measuring instruments to measure potential difference, current and
resisstance. Precautions to be observed
when using measuring instruments, multiples and sub-multiples of units; micro,
mili, kilo and mega and their symbols m, k, and M. The insulation tester and its use.
Primary cells and secondary cells
and batteries in common use, their characteristics, care and precautions.
Simple electric, lighting circuits,
alarm circuits, indicators lamps and singling lamps. Fuses and other circuits, their functions and
operational effects. The effects of open
circuits, short circuits and leakage on the action of simple electric circuits,
effects of dirts and moisture on insulation.
MODERN
PHYSICS :
Elementary
idea of Nuclear Fission and chain reaction.
Use of nuclear energy as power for
ships and submarines.
Nuclear reactor waste
hazards-Detection and safety precautions.
Radio
activity of water and environment.
Satellite for the weather forecasts;
location of marine animals and shoals of fish.
Note:- In teaching this mathematics
syllabus, stress must be laid on the applications of the relevant formulae
(especially to problems of navigation) rather than the theoretical proofs of
such formulae.
2. NAUTICAL MATHEMATICS - -
3 HOURS - 200 MARKS
(a) ALGEBRA
(i) Logarithms :
Theorems on logarithms of product,
quotient, power and change of base (to be assumed) and their simple
applications.
(ii) Graphical
Work :
Simple graphs of statistics;
Frequency polygon Histogram, Ogive.
Calculation of constants and
determination of law from graphs.
Graphical solution of equations.
(b) CALCULUS :
(i) Differentiation :
The formulae for the derivatives of
algebraic, trigonometric, inverse, exponential and logarithmic functions (to be
assumed) and their applications in examples.
Derivative of second order.
(ii) Applications
of derivatives :
Simple
problems of rate of change
Maxima and
Minima.
Approximations
and errors.
(iii) Integration :
Integration
as a reverse process of differentiation.
Standard
forms.
Integration
by substitution.
Integration
by parts.
Partial
fractions.
(iv) Area
and Volume :
Definite
integral
Evaluation
of area under a curve
Volumes of
solids of revolution.
(v) Simpson's
Rules :
The use of Simpson's first, second
and the five-eight rules in the computation of areas volumes and centroids.
(c) COORDINATE GEOMETRY :
(i) Circle :
Standard and
general equations.
(ii) Conics :
Focus
directrix property.
Standard forms of equations of
parabola, hyperbola and ellipse (to be assumed).
Symmetry
of these curves about their axes and center.
Properties
of conics for application to navigation.
(d) MENSURATION :
Volume and
surface areas of :
(i) Rectangular and triangular prisms.
(ii) Pyramid,
(iii) Cylinders,
(iv) Cones,
(v) Spheres, and
(vi) Right frustums.
Practical
applications.
(e) TRIGNOMETRY :
(i) The
following formulas to be assumed.
Simple
identities
Allied
angle formulae :
Sin
[ -ø ]= -Sin ø
Cos[
- ø ]= Cos ø
Sin
[ - ø ]= Cos ø
2
Cos[
- ø ]= Sin ø
2
Sin[
+ ø ]= Cos ø
2
Cos[
+ ø ]= Sin ø
2
Compound
angle formulae :
Sin
[A ± B]= Sin A
Cos
[A ± B] = Cos A
Tan
[A ± B] = Tan A ± tan B
1±tan A tan B
Factorization
formulae :
Sin
C + Sin D = 2 Sin C + D
2 2
Sin
C - Sin D = 2
2 2
Cos
C + Sin D = 2
2 2
Cos
C - Cos D = 2 Sin C + D Sin C - D
2 2
Defactorization
formula :
2
Sin A
2 Cos A Sin B = Sin [A+B] - Sin
[A-B]
2
Cos A
2
Sin A Sin B = Cos [A-B] - Cos [A+B]
Multiple
angle formulae :
Sin
2A = 2 Sin A
Cos
2A = Cos2A – Sin2A = 1-2 Sin2A = 2 Cos2A-1
Tan
2A = 2 Tan A
1 – tan2A
Sin
3A = 4 Sin A – 4 Sin3A
Cos
3A = 4 Cos3A – 3 Cos A
tan
3A = 3tan A – tan3A
1-3
tan2A
Application
of these formulae in examples.
Heights
and distances.
(ii) Sine rule, Cosine rule and projection
rule for a triangle (to be assumed).
Their
use in simple problems including solution of trangle.
Area of a triangle in terms of (i)
two sides and included angle, (ii) three sides, (iii) one side and the
functions of the adjacent sides.
(f) SPHERICAL TRIGNOMETRY
Properties
of a spherical triangle.
Polar triangles and application of
their properties.
Solution of spherical triangles by
haversine Formulae, sine formulae and Napear's rules for right angled triangle
or quadrantel triangle.
PART 'B' –
(Written)
3. GENERAL SHIP KNOWLEDGE –3 HOURS-200
MARKS
(a)
General
definitions of main dimensions.
The names of the principal parts of
a ship.
General ideas on ship-construction
and plans available on board ship including shell expansion plans.
(b) The candidates will be expected to
sketch and too show his practical acquaintance with :-
Sheers camber, flare, rake, tumble home, and rise of floor.
Longitudinal
and transverse framing.
Brams
and beam Knees.
Watertight
bulkheads.
Hatchways
and closing appliances.
Rudders.
Steering
gear.
Shell
and deck plating.
Bilge
keels.
Double
bottoms peak tanks.
Bilges.
Side
and Wing tanks
Stern Frames
Propellers and propeller shafts.
Stern tubes
Sounding pipes
Air pipes
ventilators
General pumping arrangements.
The stiffening and strengthening to
resist panting pounding and longitudinal stresses.
Working knowledge of stress tables,
diagrams, and stress calculators.
(c) Cause and simple methods of prevention
corrosion in a Ship's structure excluding cathodic protection.
(d) General ideas on welding, riveting and
burning and the precautions to be taken when such processes are carried out on
board ship. Knowledge of basic joints
used in welding and preparation of the same.
(e) The meaning of the terms :-
Block
co-efficient
Displacement
Leadweight
Laws of floating body. Use of
displacement and tones per centimetre immersion scales to determine weights of
crgo or ballast from draughts or free-board.
Effect of density of water on
draught and free-board.
Fresh
water allowance.
The
meaning of the terms :
Buoyancy
Reserve
buoyancy
(f) General
understanding with definitions of :-
entre of gravity
Centre of
buoyancy
Metacentric
height
Righting
lever
ighting moment
Stable,
unstable and neutral equilibrium,
The effect of adding
and removing weights on ship's center of gravity, center of buoyancy,
metacentric height and list. Stiff and
tender ships. use of stability stress
and hydrostatic date as supplied to ships and calculations based thereon.
The danger of slack tanks.
(g) Rigging a
ship for loading and discharging cargo, the use of derricks, winches and
cranes. Outline knowledge of relevant
parts of Indian Dock Labour Regulations.
'Lining up' pipelines on oil
products carriers.
The stowage
separation and dunnaging of cargoes including blulk cargoes, unit loads and
containers.
Causes of sweating and precautions
to be taken before, during and after stowing to prevent damage by sweat.
Importance
of dew point, air temperature and temperature in the practice of cargo
ventilation.
Ventilation systems of the whole
ship including holds, tanks, engineroom and pumproom.
(h) A knowledge of the safety precautions to
tbe taken during the loading and discharging and carriage of bulk ooil,
chemicals and other inflammable commodities.
Lining up of pipe lines on oil product carriers. Effects of operational or accidental
pollution of marine environment and precautions to be taken to prevent such
pollution within existing framework.
Gas detection and methods of gas
freeing large tanks.
Danger of explosions in tankers due
to presence of gases.
Hazards arising from static
electricity in tankers.
Precautions
to tbe taken before entering cargo and ballast tanks, void spaces and pump rooms.
(i) Calculations of capacities taken up by
part cargoes and of space remaining.
Conversion
of weight measurement of cargo into space measurement and vice-versa.
The making and use of cargo plans.
(j) Elementary knowledge of safe handling
and stowage of dangerous goods and their influence on the safety of ships.
(k) Safety, care and maintenance of all life
saving and fire-fighting appliances, fire and smoke detection systems lifeboat
and liferaft equipment.
Lights and sound signals.
4. BRIDGE
EQUIPMENT AND WATCH KEEPING – 2 HOURS – 100 MARKS
(a) Sextant-- The construction and use of
the marine sextant, including the optical principles involved. The detection and correction of sextant
errors. The principles and use of the
vernier and micrometer scales.
(b) Chronometer.—The use and care of marine
chronometers. Chronometer errors.
(c) Magnetic Compass.—The use and care of
magnetic compasses, the construction of the binnacle and compass bowl, the
names of the various parts, the construction of dry and wet cards. The location and names of correctors. Magnetic and non –magnetic materials and
their effect on the compass. Checking
compasses. Practical limitations of the
magnetic compass.
(d) Gyro Compass.—An elementary knowledge of
the use and care of common marine gyro compasses, including the procedure for
starting and stopping. Routine oiling
and cleaning. Routine operational checks.
Application of latitude and speed error.
(e) Bearing Instruments.—The construction
and use of azimuth mirrors. Procedure for checking accuracy of azimuth
mirrors. The construction and use of a
Pelorus.
(f) The use of radio direction finder,
decca, loran, omega, and similar electronic position fixing systems including
full understanding of its limitation and errors.
(g) Automatic Pilot.—The use and limitations
of the automatic pilot. The controls
available to the officer of the watch.
Sequence of operating the equipment when changing from one method of
steering to another. Course recorder.
(h) Bridge Alarm Devices.—The operation of
detection and warning devices, e.g. fire detection, off-course flarm Procedure
to be adopted when devices actuated. Operational checking of devices.
(i) Sounding appliances.—The electronic
echosounder, its use and cae.
Interpretation of results obtaining.
The patent sounding machine, its use and limitations. The hand lead
line.
(k) Logs.—The operation and care of modern
towed and bottom logs.
(l) Telegraphs and other devices used for
internal communication.
(m) Maintenance
of navigational and weather records.
5. METEOROLOGY-2 HOURS—100 MARKS
(a) General idea of the
atmosphere.—Insolation, tertestrial radiation, temperature zones of the world
Diurnal variation and seasonal variation of atmospheric temperature over land
and over sea.
DALR, SALR
(b) Atomospheric pressure-Semi-diurnal
variation seasonal variation. Barometic
tendency Storm prediction by observations of atomospheric pressure. The use of barometric observations and
weather signs at a single station to predict the onset of a depression or
storm.
(c) Water vapour in the
atmosphere.—Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, relative humidity,
saturation, dew point. Fohn wind effect.
Formation of dew, hoar frost, glazed frost rime. The differences between drizzle, rain snow,
hail.
(d) Visibility.—definition judging and
reporting visibility, Meaning of mist, fog, haze spray and their effect on
visibility, Types of fog-radiation log, advection fog, smong, artic sea-smoke,
orographic fog.
(e) Clouds.—formation by turbulence,
orographic lifting, convention currnts and frontal lifting. Classification due to height and apperance of
the ten basic types commonly seen and their abbreviations.
(f) Pressure gradient and wind—Isobars,
pressure grdient, Coriolis force (geostrophic force), geostrophic wind scale,
angle of indraft; meaning of veering, backing, guest, squall, Buys Ballot's Law
and cautions when applying it; the Beaufort wind scale and Beaufort weather
notation.
(g) True and apparent wind.—Their meaning
and difference. Methods of estimating
direction and force of wind at sea.
Simple problems on true and apparent wind.
(h) Isobaric Patterns. The recognition of and the weather associated
with straight isobars, depression or cyclone, anticyclone, ridge, col and
trough (frontal and non-frontal).
(j) Period and local winds.—Land and sea
breezes, monsoons, anabatic and katabatic winds, Nor-westers and Elephantas.
(k) A knowledge of the weather messages
available for shipping, as adopted by World Meteorological Organisation.
Decoding of forecasts by the use of the Maritime Forecast Code and
International Analysis Code.
(l) A knowledge of the structure of the
weather reporting system; weather ships, selected ships, supplementary ships,
Auxiliary ships and coastal land stations, Coding of ship's reports using the
codes in current use as accepted by the World Meteorological Organisation
including the SPESH Code.
(m) A detailed knowledge of the
meteorological instruments normally used on ship.
PART 'C'
6. PRACTICAL
NAVIGATION –3 HOURS – 150 MARKS
(a) Practical problems on plance parallel
and Mercafor sailing.
(b) The use of the traverse tables to obtain
the position of the ship at any time, given compass courses, variations, deviations
and the run recorded by log or calculated by propeller revolution time and
estimated speed, allowing for the effects of wind and current, if any.
(c) To find the latitude by meridian
altitude of a heavenly body. Latitutde
by observation of Polaris.
(d) From an observation of any heavenly body
near or out of the meridian, to find the direction of the position line and a
position through which it passes.
(e) To obtain a position by the use of
position lines obtained from any two observations with or without run.
(f) To find the true bearing of a heavenly
body, the compass error and thence the deviation of the magnetic compass for
the direction the ship's head.
(g) To calculate the approximate time (to
the nearest minute) of the meridian passage of a heavenly body; to calculate an
approximate meridian altitude for setting on the sextant.
7. CHART WORK-2 HOURS-150 MARKS
(a) Given variation and the deviation of the
magnetic compass or gyro error, to convert true courses into compass courses
and vice-versa.
Given a
sample table of deviations to extract the deviation, thence to convert true
courses into magnetic and compass courses.
To find the
compass course between two positions.
(b) The effect of current on speed. Allowance for leeway. Given compass course steered, the speed of the
ship and direction and rate of the currents, to find the true course made good.
To find the
course to steer allowing for a current.
Given the course steered and distance run, to determine the set and rate
of the current experienced between two positions.
(c) To fix a position on a chart by
simultaneous cross bearings, bearing and range, by positionalinformation from
radio aids to navigation or by any combination applying the necessary
correction.
(d) To fix the position by bearings of one
or more objects with the run between, allowing for a current and to find the
distance at which the ship will pass a given point.
(e) The use of position lines and circles
obtained by any method.
(f) The use of clearing marks and
horizontal and vertical danger angles.
Distance of sighting lights.
(g) To find the time and height of high and
low water at Standard Ports and at Secondary Ports by tidal differences. The use of tables and tide curves to find the
time at which the tide reaches a specified height or the height of the tide at
a given time and thence the approximate correction to be applied to soundings
or to charted heights of shore objects.
(h) Candidates will be examined orally on
the information given on a chart or plan particularly about :
Buoys,
Lights, Radio beacons, Navigational aids, Dephths and nature or bottom, use of
soundings, Depth and height contours, Tidal strems, traffic lanes and
separation zones, and Recognition of the coast and radar responsive targets.
(i) Candidates will be required :-
(i) to demostrate the ability make
intelligent use of sailing directions.
(ii) to understand the use of Notice to
Mariners and to be familiar with the process of chart correction.
(iii) to prepare an approach plan to a port
with due regard to routing and traffic separation schemes.
(iv) to understand the dangers of placing
implicit reliance upon floating navigational aids.
8. PRINCIPLES
OF NAVIGATION—2 HOURS—100 MARKS
In this
paper, candidates wil be asked to draw a figure reasonably to scale and to
state the projection used--
(a) The shape of the earth. Poles, equator,
meridians. Parallels of latitude.
Position by latitude and longitude.
Directon, bearing distance, units of measurement. Difference of latitude, difference of
longitude, departure mean and middle latitude, difference of meridional parts
and the relationship between them.
Theory of great circle sailing.
Calculation of initial and final course and the great circle
distance. Small circle on a sphere.
(b) The celestial sphere; definition on the
celestial sphere, apparent motion on the celestial sphere. Declination.
Azimuth, sidereal hour angle. The
position of a body on the celestial sphere; azimuth with the altitude or
declination with sidereal or local angle.
The rising culmination and setting of heavenly bodies. circumpolar stars. Maximum azimuth.
(c) Solar system, eatch-moon system.
Planetary motion. Earth's rotation and
movement in orbit, eclipses mean sun, ecliptic, first point of Aries. Equinox and solistice,
(d) Time;
(e) Local hour angle of a heavenly body in
time and arc.
(f) Correction of sextant altitudes
including back altitudes; dip, refraction, horizontal parallax, parallax in
altitude, semi-diameter and arugmentation.
Use of artificial horizon.
(g) Geographical position of heavenly
body. A circle of position and its
practical application, i.e. Position line-Intercept.
(h) Simple propertices of mercator and
gnomonic charts. Latitude and longitude
scales, measurement of distance. Rhumb
lines, Meridional parts.
9. ORALS AND
PRACTICALS
Practicals.—(a)
To read, understand and make use of a barometer, thermameter, hydrometer and
hygrometer. The instruments supplied by
the Meteorological Office will be taken as standard.
(b) To use an azimuth mirror, pelorus
(bearing plate) or other instrument for taking bearings.
(c) To use a sextant for taking vertical and
horizontal angels; to read a sextant both on and off the arc; to correct a
sextant into which hss been introduced one or more errors of perpendicularily,
side or index; to find the index error of a sextant
(d) The rigging of ships, methods of
ascertaining the proof and safe-working loads of ropes including synthetic
fibre and wire ropes with and without certificates of proof loads. Rigging purchases and a knowledge of the
power gained by their use. Knots,
hitches and bends in common use.
Seizings, rackings, rope and chain stoppers, Splicing plaited and
multi-strand manila and syanthetic fibre rope and wirerope with strict
reference to current practice. Slinging
a stage rigging a bosun's chair and pilot ladder.
(e) Marking and use of ordinary lead lines.
Orals.—(a) Preparations for getting under way. Duties prior to proceeding to sea, making
harbour, entering a dock. Berthing
alongside quays, jetties, or other ships and securing to buoys with special
reference to the after end of a ship.
(b) Helm orders, Conning the ship. Effects
of propellers on the steering of a ship. Stopping, going astern, knowledge of
monoeuvring capabilities of ships including turning circles, stopping distance
etc. Effects of wind and currents on ship handling. Effect on manoeuvring in shallow waters. Turning a ship short round. Emergency maneuvers, ringing a ship short
round. Emergency manoeuvres, ringing a
ship to single anchor in an emergency.
Man overboard.
(c) The duties of the watchkeeping officer
at sea, at anchor and at open loads.
(d) Anchors and cables : their use and
stowage.
(e) Knowledge of the use of all deck
appliances, including emergency steering gear.
(f) Use and upkeep of mechanical logs and
sounding appliances; Use and care of light and sound signaling equipment
including pyrotechnic light.
(g) The use and care of life-saving
appliances including handling characteristic construction and stowage of
lifelifts. Emergency signal abandon ship
signal. Pending setting and taking in
lifeboat sails, management of boals under cars, sails, power and in heavy
weather, recovering boats at sea, deaching or landing. Survival procedure in
lifeboats and liferafts. The use and
care of rocket and line throwing apparatus.
(h) The use and care of fire appliances
including the smoke helmet, emergency fire pump and self-contained breathing
apparatus.
Action to
be taken on discovering a fire :--
(i) in port,
(ii) at sea.
(i) Knowledge of the precautions to be
observed to prevent pollution of the marine environment.
(j) Use of the Merchant Ship search and
rescue maual (MERSAR).
(k) A full knowledge of the content and
application of the Collision Regulations.
(l) Distress and pilot signals; penalties
for misuse. International life-saving
signals.
(m) A knowledge of the contents of
"Merchant Shipping Notice" and "Notice to Mariner's. The use of Notices to Mariners.
(n) The I.A.L.A. system of buoyage. Precautions while using floating navigational
aids e.g. buoys, light vessel etc.
(o) The examiner may ask the candidate questions arising out of
the written work, if it is deemed necessary on account of weakness shown by the
candidate.
10. Signals.—(a) To send and receive signals :-
(i) Semaphore up to eight words per minute.
(ii) Morese-code by flash lamp up to six words
per minute.
(iii) International Code of Signals.
(b) A knowledge of distress and safety
communications procedures on radio-telepphone as contained in the
'International Code of Signals' and the avoidance of unnecessary transmission.
(c) Practical—Too prepare portable radio
equipment for operation in lifeboat or liferaft, erect aerial and operate the
radio telephone facility.
(d) Practical use of shipborne Radio
direction finder.
FIRST MATE (FOREIGN-GOING)
PART 'A'
11. RADIO AND ELECTRONICS—2 HOURS—100 MARKS
(a) (i) Elementary
oscillatory circuits, maintenance of oscillations in a parallel LC circuit,
relationship between frequency and values of L and C.
(ii) Thermionic valves and semi-conductor
devices; diodes, triodes, and transistors, their functions and characteristics,
effects of potentials between electrodes.
Descriptions of the action of valves and semiconductors in simple basic
circuits; rectifiers, amplifiers and oscillators.
(iii) Piezo-electric effect and the use of
crystals to control the frequency of oscillators.
(b) (i) Effects
of current flow in an open conductor, electro-magnetic fields and the simple
aerial, radiation of cm waves, Velocity, frequency and wave length and their
relationship. The simple oscillator
coupted to an aerial, basic transmitter, radiated frequency, tuning.
Descriptive explanations of transmission, propagation in free space and in
troposphere. Ground waves and sky
waves. The inosphere and its effects on
radio waves. Effects of cm waves impinging
on objects, induced currents and reradiation.
(ii) Descriptive treatment of the
transmission of information by modulated carrier wave, carrier frequencies of
side bands, meaning of single side band.
(iii) Description of ship's radio telephone
transmitting systems with the aid of block schematic diagrams, showing the
units which make up a typical system for example, master oscillator, amplifier,
modulator, microphone, power amplifier and aerial; the functions of each stage.
(c) (i) The
principles of super-heterodyne receiption, its advantages and disadvantages,
block schematic diagram of super-heterdyne receiver with the functions of
stages.
Description
of full straight receiver with the aid of block schematic diagram.
The
radio-teephone alarm signal generator; its characteristics and functions.
(ii) Directional receiption: descriptive
explanation of single rotating loop aerial, its receiving characteristics and
associated polar diagram. Use of zero
signal for directional indication, ambiguity in directional indications, sense
aeral, the effects of addition of signals from loop and vertical aerials. The heart shaped polar diagram as an
indication of resolution of directional ambiguity. Fixed crossed loops aerials and goiniometer
for directional indication.
(iii) Elementary description of yag aerials,
the relationship between size of elements and frequency directional
characteristics, the functions and characteristics of aerials used at
centimeter wave lengths.
Directional
transmission and receiption at metre and centimetre wave lengths; propagation
at these wave lengths, horizon range and anomalies of propagation.
(iv) Descriptive
explanation of the functions, action and characteristics of cathode ray tubes
used in marine radio aids to navitgation and television displays. The functions and characteristics of the
following types of circuits, brightening and blackout circuits, calibration
circuits and other functional circuits.
The characteristics of functional circuits used in radio aids to
navigation equipment.
(d) Descriptive explanation of methods of
graphically displaying information; ,per recorders, the advantages and
disadvantages of wet and dry recording paper, preservation of records, scales
of display.
Direct
reading scales and phasing of scales.
Descriptive
explanation of visual indicators for displaying information;types used in
shipborne installations, their advantages and disadvantages.
Transdueers;
magnetic-striction for transmission and reception of sound through water, their
types, functions and characteristics.
Temperature
sensing transducers and their use in simple circuits.
12. ELECTRICITY—2 HOURS—100 MARKS
(a) The topics in Electricity in the
syllabus for second (foreign going) to a higher standard than required in that
examination.
(b) The magnetic effects of an electric
current, effects on ferro-magnetic materials, field due to a coil carrying
current and the introduction therein of a ferro-magnetic core. Simple
electro-magnetic devices, their functions and actions, the electric bell,
buzzer, electro-magnetic relay, moving iron meter for measuring current.
(c) Effects of current carrying wires in the
vicinity of a compass, twin wires carrying opposing currents. Effects of growth and decay of current on
magnetic field and effects of field on nearby conductors.
Electro-magnetic
induction, self-induction, mutual induction, the induction coil.
(d) The electric generator principle,
generation of an alternating voltage, the simple commutators, the simple D.C.
generator, effect of a load on the output voltage of a D.C. generator.
Simple
electric circuits and their action, bell buzzer, alarm circuits, simple
circuits using relays. The telephone,
carbon microphone, electro-magnetic telephone, simple telephone circuits.
(e) Alternating voltages and currents, their
frequency and phase relationship. Peak,
average and R.M.s. values. The effect on an alternating current of resistance,
capacitance and inductance. The simple
A.C. circuit, descripture treatment of a series A.C. Circuit, parallel A.C.
circuit, oscillations in a parallel circuit.
Rectification
and metal rectifiers. The transformer
and its application in power packs.
13.
(a) Air Masses; general ideas on source,
regions, classification and properties, Structure of depression, general
distribution of weather in a depression.
Fronts; the frontal theory of the formation of depression, occlusion,
occluded depressions, secondary depression, families of depressions.
(b) Adiabatic changes in the
atmosphere. Dry, saturated and
environmental lapse rates. Stability,
instability and conditional instability.
The development of thunderstorms.
(c) A full knowledge of the development and
decay of tropical revolving storms,
their localities, names, season, tracks and associated weather,
forecasting the probable movement.
Navigation in the vicinity of and the rules for avoiding tropical
storms. Reports to be made under
international conventios.
(d) A knowledge of the information available
under Section IV (Atlantic weather bulletin) of the 'Ship's Code and Decode
Book'. Use of a synoptic chart to deduce the weather at specified points and to
forecast the probable changes over sea areas. Facsimile weather charts and
their uses.
(e) Principal ocean currents; their names
and characteristics. Causes of ocean
currents, general surface circulation of the oceans, direct and indirect effect
of prevalling winds, gradient currents, seasonal changes in the general
circulation.
(f) The main types of floating ice and
their origins. General limit of ice in
both hemispheres. seasonal development and recessions, movement of
icebergs. Navigation in the vicinity of
ice. Reports to be made under
international conventions. Knowledge of
ice patrol and observation service.
(g) Selection of ocean routes. General principles of weather routing, use of
prognostic surface weather and wave charts.
(h) Optical phenomenon such as halo, carona,
rainbow, mirage and St. Elms fire.
PART 'B'
14. PRACTICAL NAVIGATION—3 HOURS—150
MARKS.
(a) Position determination by the
combination of any number of observations with or without run. The cocked hat and its interpretations.
(b) Composite great circle.
(c) The use and applications of radio aids
to navigation and interpretation and appreciation of date obtained. Fixed and vaiable errors, area of
probability.
(d) Application of systematic error
correction and variable error allowances.
(e) The use of radar date as an aid to
collision avoidance including radar ploting.
15.CHART
WORK—2 HOURS—150 MARKS
(a) The use of a single position line in
approaching the coast.
(b) Reliability of charts.
(c) Selection
of suitable points for bearing or for fixing the ship's position by means of
horizontal angles.
(d) Approaching an anchorage and navigating
in narrow waters.
(e) Making landfall or proceeding along a
coast in thick and clear weather.
(f) navigation and voyage planning in all
conditions by plotting courses within restricted waters, in ice, in restricted
visibility in traffic separation schems and in areas of intensive tides.
(g) Use of all appropriate publications on
tides and currents and to calculate tidal conditions at any given time of any
given standard or secondary port.
(h) To answer any questions on boave which
the examiner deems necessary.
16.SHIP
CONSTRUCTION AND STABILITY –3 HOURS—200 MARKS
(a) A general knowledge of the principle
structural members of a ship. The proper
names of the various parts. Midship
sections of single deck and between deck ships and bulk carriers, including
container ships but excluding specialized products caries. Functions, construction and stiffening of
water tight bulkheads, including collision bulkhead. Method adopted to maintain intergrity of
division and opening in the hull, including stern, side and bow doors, stern
frame, stern tube and adjacent structure.
Ruders methods of construction and support. Hawsepipes and how secured. Construction stiffening and closing
arrangements of hatchways and superstructures.
Bilge and ballast line systems.
(b) Rivert work, testing a line of rivets,
General ideas on welding processes in construction and repair work, types of
weld, common faults, visual examination of welded work. Testing of tank and other watertight work.
(c) Stresses and strains in ships in a sea
or due to loading or ballasting. A
knowledge of the parts of a ship specially strengthened to withstand such
stresses or where excessive corrosion is liable to occur.
Methods of
compensating for discontinuity of strength, local and special stiffening.
(d) An outline knowledge of classification
of ships, Periodic surveys for retention of class.
(e) Loadline Convention Certificate period
and conditions of validity of certificate, requirements of annual survey,
records of particulars provided on board with respect to conditions of
assignments. Tonnage certificates and
their purpose.
(f) The use of Simpson's first, second and
the five eitht rules in the computation of areas, volumes and centroids.
(g) Determination of the position of the
center of gravity of a ship for different conditions of loading and
ballasting. The effect on the position
of the center of gravity of adding, removing, shifting or suspending
weights. To determine the virtual rise
in the position of the center of gravity due to slack tanks. Transverse and longitudinal metacentres,
metacentric height. Initial ability and
its limitation to small angles of inclination.
Changes in stability during a voyage.
Effect of a shift of cargo or solid ballast. Simple stability calculations while
drydocking or when aground.
(h) Changes of trim and draught due to
loading, discharging and shifting weights.
(i) Stowage of grain and stability aspects
in respect thereof with particular reference to calculations involved and the
manner of presentation of the information relating to grain heeling moments and
the resulting angle of heel presented in the stability information in terms of
Merchant Shipping (Carriage of Grain) Rules.
Effect of intial level of stowage and its settlement on the magnitude of
grain shift moments. Minimum stability
requirements under IMCO alternative arrangements.
(j) Permeability of a compartment. The effect on trim and stability of bilging
and flooding midship compartments symmetrical about the center line.
(k) Use of the stability, hydrostatic and
stress date supplied to ship. Curves of
stability factors affecting the shape of the curve. Catriage of deck cargo and its influence on
stability and structural stresses.
17.SAFETY
CARRIAGE OF GOODS AND SHIP MAINTENANCE –3 HOURS—200 MARKS
(A) knowledge of the regulations relating to
the carriage and handling of cargo, including the Merchant Shipping Grain
Rules, and deck cargo regulations.
(b) Carriage of dangerous goods in
ships. Precautions to be taken during
loading and discharging operations and the care of dangerous goods while making
a sea passage.
(c) A general knowledge of the relevant
Merchant Shipping Notices and IMCO publications including the Code of Safe
Practice for bulk Cargoes.
(d) General principles of cargo stowage and
handling and a more detailed knowledge of the item mentioned in (g) of the
General Ship Knowledge Paper for Second Mate Foreign Going. Calculation with respect to the quantity of
cargo to be loaded in the whole ship or in given compartment taking into
account stowage, factor, load densities, permissible draughts, compatibility
etc. Prevention of damage by cargo to
ensure the safety of the ship. The
carriage of special cargoes such as refrigerated cargo, liquids in bulk, deck
cargoes and heavy lifts. The use of
shifting boards and bins. Modern
methods of carriage of carriage of cargo such as on pallets, and in containers,
etc. Roll-on-rool off vessels, unit
handling of cargoes. Ballasting of a
vessels, precautions to be taken with solid ballast. Spontaneous combustion.
(e) Carriage of bulk oil and multi-grade oil
cargoes. Load on top procedures. Piping and pumping arrangements in bulk oil
carriers. Tank cleaning and gas
freeing. Ullage and temperature
calculations. Precautions to be taken to
avoid contamination of cargo. A general
knowledge of the international oil tanker and terminal safety guide and tanker
safety guide (petroleum) Terms and definitions used to described properties of
common oil cargoes e.g. crude oil, middle distillates, naphtha, etc.
(f) Requirements under the Merchant
Shipping (Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil) Rules.
(g) Inspection and maintenance of ship and
equipment items to be covered include hull, bulkheads, double bottom, deep and
peak tanks, bilges, strums, pipelines, rudder, anchors and cables, davits,
safety equipment derricks and all items of cargo working gear, navigational
lights. Knowledge of the relevant parts
of the factory act, Drydocking General procedures, Precautions to be observed.
Distribution of weights. General
emergency repairs, repair lists.
(h) Properties and uses of paints, resins
and other protective coverings. Methods
of corrosion control in steelwork and between dissimilar metals including
cathodic protection. Treatment of
woodwork and composite docks. Maintenance of cement work.
(i) Documentation of vessel and cargo to
include : Mate's log book, mate's receipt, boat notes, dangerous goods lists,
way bills, and cargo plants, machinery (cargo gear) register.
(j) Maintenance of crow accommodation. Methods of pest control. Fumigation of holds and living spaces. Safeguards in applying various methods.
PART 'D'
18. ORALS
(a) The handling of heavy weights, with
special reference to type and strength of gear used.
(b) The use and care of all deck and above
deck appliances and fittings including winches, capstans, windlasses, davits,
fairleads, emergency steering gear and fittings used between anchor and cable
locker.
(c) Anchors : different types of anchors and
their advantages and disadvantages. Cables and their care. Preparation for anchoring. Operation of anchoring with a single anchor
and use of a second anchor. Clearing a
foul anchor and hawse. Anchoring in a
tideway and in a confined space.
Mooring. Handling off an anchor.
Breaking and slipping cables, Getting under way. To carry out an anchor with boats.
(d) Effect of current, wind, shallows and
draughts on manoeuvering. Manoeuvering
in rivers and harbours. Bearthin
alongside and leaving quay and oil terminals with or without the use of tugs
under various conditions of wind and tide.
(e) Management of ship in heavy weather. Means to employ to keep a ship, disabled, or
unmanageable, out of the trought of the sea and to lessen the lee drift. Handling of a disabled ship. Extra precautions to be taken before th onset
on heavy weather.
(f) Precautions in manoeuvring for launching
of boats or liferafts in bad weather.
Methods of taking on board survivors from life boats and liferafts.
(g) Detail knowledge of the articles of
agreements and the regulations concerning life-saving and fire fighting
appliances.
(h) Knowledge of the effects on trim and
stability of the ship due to accidental damage.
Measures to bt etaken following accidental damage including collision,
grounding, heavy weather damage accident to hatches and leaks.
(i) Organisation of fire drills. Classes and chemistry of fire, fire fighting
systems, elementary precautions to be followed to prevent shipboard fires.
(h) Knowledge of the effects on trim and
stability of the ship due to accidental damage.
Measures to bt etaken following accidental damage including collisions,
grounding, heavy weather damage accident to hatches and leaks.
(i) Organisation of fire drills. Classes
and chemistry of fire, fire fighting systems, elementary precautions to be
followed to prevent shipboard fires.
(j) A practical knowledge of sitting and
screening of ship's navigational lights.
(k) Preparation for drydocking and
undocking. Use of shores, bilge blocks
and bilge shores.
(l) Measures to be taken to prevent the
spillage of oil during cargo work, bunkering or oil transfer. The keeping of records under the Merchant
Shipping (Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil) Rules.
(m) International regulations for preventing
collision at sea.
(n) The examiner may ask the candidate
questions arising out of the written work, if it is deemed necessary on account
of weakness shown by the candidate.
19. SIGNALS
1. To send and receive signals in :--
(a) Semaphore upto eight words per minute.
(b) Morse code by flash lamp upto six words
per minute.
(c) International code of signals
2. The practical use of shipborne radio
telegraph Auto key device. Knowledge of
the functions, characteristics and methods of using special types beacons which
are listed in admirally List of Radio Signals Vol.II for example rotating
beacons and talking becons.
3. Port
radio information service.
Knowledge of the types of service
available to aid vessels entering ports and assist in bearthing etc. as
indicated in Admirally list of Radio Signals "Port radio Station and pilot
vessels".
MASTER (FOREIGN-GOING)
PART
"A"
20. SHIP
CONSTRUCTION AND STABILITY—3 HOURS—200 MARKS
(a) An outline knowledge of shipyard
practive and procedure including drawing office methods, place and section
marking, process control and prefabrication.
The use of special steels aluminium and fire resistant materials in ship
construction.
(b) (i) Types
of ships. General ideas on strength and construction in relation to particular
trades including specialized carriers.
(ii) Electric arc welding and other methods
of welding-Welding of non-ferrous metal.
Electrodes their type and use.
Inspection and testing of welds.
(c) Functions of ship classification
societies. A general knowledge of the
conditions of assignment of load lines and free boards. An outline knowledge of the cargo ship
construction and survey rules and surveys required under the rules, knowledge
of the stability information supplied, minimum stability requirements.
(d) Knowledge of application of fllodable
length curves. Factors affecting hull
rub-division on passener ships.
Stability in damaged condition and damage control plan in case of damage
resulting from collision stranding weather etc.
Sub-divisional load lines.
Arrangements for restricting spread of fire in superstructures on
passenger ship.
(e) Form co-eeicient, wetted surface
formula. Simpson's rule applied to area,
second moment of areas, volumes, moments of volumes, centroids and center of
pressure for regular shapes and for parabolic shapes when given horizontal
ordinates.
(f) Shear forces and bending moments. Stresses produced by shear and bending. To produce simple curves of load, shear force
and bending moments for box shaped vessels on oven peels. Modern methods of determining the effect of
different conditions of loading and ballasting on the ships structure.
(g) A more comprehensive knowledge of
stability than is required for first mate (foreign-going) and in addition
stability to moderate and largest angles of heel. Use of the wall-sided
formula. The effect of the GZ curve of
dynamical stability. Angle of loll. Shifting or adding weights with zero GM.
(h) Stability and trim when drydocking or
grounding. Ship stability at sea. Dangers to a ship with a heavy list. precautions when righting. Deck cargoes, homogenous cargo and cargo
liable to shift. Ballasting for stability consideration. The effect of beam and freeboard on
stability. Effect of bilging and
flooding of compartments, counter measures to be taken consistent with total
safety of ship and personnel.
Calculation on bilging and flooding of a compartment, symmetrical about
center line anywhere along the ship's length for a box shaped vessel given
MCTC.
(i) The inclinging experiment. The production cuves of stability. A comprehensive knowledge of the hydrostatic,
stability and stress date supplied to ships and calculation based thereon.
(j) Outline knowledge of national tonnage
regulations. Tonnage Mark.
21.COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL KNOWLEDGE AND SHIP MANAGEMENT—2
HOURS-200 MARKS
(a) Registration of ships. The certificate of registry and its legal
significance.
(b) Certificates and other documents
required to be carried on a ship, how they ae obtained, and the period of their
legal validity,
(c) Engagement, discharge and management of
crews. Manning scales and certifications. Contracts of employment, wages and
other remuneration, advances, allotment money orders, payment into bank
accounts.
Desertions,
deceased seamen, enagement of substitutes, repatriation.
(d) The official log book and the law
relating to entries. Offiences releaing
to misconduct, to endangering ship and against persons on board. Discipline and treatment of disciplinary
offences. Civil liability of certain
offences. Trades disputes involving
seamen.
(e) Crew accommodation. Hygiene of the ship and welfare of the
crew. An outline knowledge of the
regulations relating to medical stores.
Inspections and reports. Fresh
water and provisions. Procedure in cases
of infectious disease, illness or accident.
Maritime declarations of health.
Port health requirements.
International agreements and measurses to prevent the spread of diseas
by shipping.
(f) Custom house procedure, entering and
clearing ship.
(g) Loadline marks, calculations involging
their use. Entries and reports in
respect of reeboard, draught and
allowances.
(h) The safety of the ship, crew and
passengers. Assistance of vessels in
distress and salvage. Duties in the case
of collision and accident.
(i) The law relating to the reporting of
ice, detelict, tropical revolving storms and other dangers to navigation.
(j) Compulsory and non-compulsory pilotage.
(k) Economics of sea transport theory of
internationalm trade, general structure of shipping industry relationship
between shipowner, agent, stevedore, charterer, skipper and broker. Detailed knowledge of voyage estimates taking
into account various changes, and receipts and establishing economic viability.
(l) A general knowledge of shipping
practice and documents with particular reference to charter parties bills of
lading and mates receipts for various types of ships and trades including
tanker practice, meaning of the terms AFRA, ATRS, INTA, WORLDSCALE, TOVALOP. An understanding of the main clauses in a
contract of affreightment including freight, deviation, always afloat, ice, lay
days, demurrage and dispatch. The law
relating to the carriage of cargo and the shipowners' liabilities and responsibilities.
Protests, cargo surveys, certificates of seaworthiness.
(m) An outline knowledge of the expressed and
implied conditions and statutory terms contained in a contrat of marine
insurance. An understanding of
principles of practice of the terms; particular average, general average. Procedure at a port of refuge. Lloyd's agents. Average adjusters P & I Clubs.
(n) To have an outline knowledge of Acts and
Regulations as they affect the management of a ship including :-
(i) Life Saving Appliances.
(ii) Fire Appliances.
(iii) Muster.
(iv) Direction Finders.
(v) Closing of openings in hulls,
Watertight bulkheads.
(vi) Carriage of dangerous goods.
(vii) Depth of loading.
(viii) Distress messages and Navigational
warnings.
(ix) Special Trade Passenger ships and other
passenger ships.
(x) Pilot Ladders.
22.RADIO AND ELECTRONIC AIDS TO NAVIGATION-3 HOURS-200
MARKS.
(a) Position fixing systems :
(i) An understanding and graphical
description of the general principles of position fixing by measurement of
difference of distance from two or more fixed points ; use of radio waves to
obtain difference of distance by measurement of time difference and phase
difference.
Generation of the
byperbolic curve by differences of distances from two fixed points ; family of
hyperbolic curves, the hyperbolic lattice on a navigational chart. Family of hyperbolic curves when fixed points
are a short distance apart, relationship of the hyperbolic curves to ture
bearings of point midway between fixed points.
(ii) Decca navigator, Loran, Consol and
other position fixing systems which are available for use on a substantial
proportion of merchant ships ; the characteristics, applications, radil of
coverage areas, limitations and accuracy of each system. The comparative accuracy of position fixing
systems of all types including non-radie systems and methods. The errors which apply to each radio position
fixing system and their magnitudes, the sources and causes of such errors. Error corrections and allowances for variable
and uncorrectable errors.
Description of the
equipment used with each system, its adjustment and use as an aid to position
fixing. Recognition of the signs of
mal-adjustment and erroneous information.
The application of date obtained from each aid to fixing a position,
fixing accuracy, ellipse of ambiguity.
(b) Radar :
(i) An explanatory description of the
principles of radar. Outline of radar
system using a block schematic diagram to illustrate the essential functional
units required in radar equipment and description of the functions and
characteristics of those units. An
appreciation of those characterstics of a radar set which determine the quality
and accuracy of navigational information.
The standards of accuracy and discrimination required for a type-tested marine radar set. Measurement, at sea, of the relative
standards of performance of the radar set, description of the effects of those
operational controls which affect performance.
Recognition of sub-standard performance, an appreciation of the need for
precaution. Knowledge and appreciation
of the factors mentioned in Merchant Shipping Notices relating to the
installation of radar.
(ii) Use of radar.—An appreciation of the
capabilities and limitations of radar and of the factors and their effects
which can limit the detection of objects and display of echoes.
Fixing a position from
radar information, the effects of the characteristics of coastal features on
detection and accuracy of fix. The
principle of true and, relative motion display stabilized and unstablised with
their relative advantages and disadvantages.
(c) Direction Finding.---Description, with
the aid of a block schematic diagram, of the elements of direction finding
systems—(i) rotating loop system (ii)
fixedloops system. The relative advantage
and disadvantages of the two systems, and of manual and automatic systems.
An
explanation of the relative advantages and disadvantages of compass
stabilization of direction finder seals.
Knowledge
of the instrumental factors which affect the accuracy of a direction finding
equipment.
An
appreciation of those factors and their effects which need to be considered
when choosing a site for D.M. Loops and sense aerials—Description of the
effects of the ship, its superstructure and aerials, including broadeast
receiving aerials, on the accuracy of bearings.
Errors due to the foregoing and how compensated, quadantal errors,
semi-circular errors, Calibration; knowledge of the statutory requirements in
the Merchant Shipping (Direction Finder) Rules and of Merchant Shipping Notices
relating to direction finders.
Classification
of bearings :
An
appreciation of the capabilities and limitations of direction finding as an aid
to navigation. A description of the use
of radio beacon facilities to obtain a fix (i) using bearings of independent
beacons (ii) using bearings of beacons whose operations, are synchronized. An appreciation of propagational errors;
night effects, land effects.
(d) Echo Sounding Devices—A description,
with the aid of Block schematic diagrams, of the elements of a typical general
purpose navigational echo-sounding system indicating the functions and
characteristics of each unit.
Descriptions
of the action of typical visual indicators and recorders. precautions necessary when using an
echo-sounder with phased scales.
The use of
the operational controls of a typical echo-sounder, including adjustments
available for variations of draft.
A knowledge
of any health hazards presented by paper used in recorders and the precautions
to be observed.
A knowledge
of typical values of sounding repetition rate, accuracy of soundings, maximum
and minimum depths in general purpose navigational echo-sounders.
A knowledge
of the sources and effects of noises which interfere with display of soundings
:-
(i) internal noises : mechanical and
electrical
(ii) water noises : acration and
reverberation.
Indications
of maladjustments of control which give excessive receiver sensitivity-receiver
noise and multiple soundings.
A knowledge
of the factors to be considered in choosing a site for echo sounder
transducers. The relative advantages and
disadvantages of pierced-hull and internal transducer installations. Care of echo-sounding apparatus, preservation
of records.
(e) Microwave communication system,
preliminary ideas on its uses and its development as a electronic aid to
navigations.
23.ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE. INSTRUMENTS AND CONTROL SYSTEMS –
3 HOURS-200 MARKS
(a) Calculations involving :-
(i) Propeller pitch including mean pitch
angle, slip and efficiency.
(ii) Fuel consumption and economical speeds
with variation of distance and displacement.
(iii) Properties of gases, Boyle's Law.
Charles' Law and the simple treatment of isothermal and adiabatic expansion and
compression of gases.
(b) The meaning of the terms-Sensible and
Latent heat. Saturated and Superheated
Steam. Dryness Fraction Propeller Slip
and Pitch and Indicated. Brake and Shaft
Horsepower.
(c) A general knowledge of.--
(i) Main Engine Watertube Boilers including
Superheater, Airtheaters, Economizers and other associated parts.
(ii) Auxilliary and Waste Heat Boilers
associated with Diesel and Steam main engine installations.
(iii) The Regenerative Condenser.
(iv) Simple and Flash Evaporators
(v) Boiler Fittings and Fuel Supply systems
(vi) Water Testing and the maintenance of
steam pressure and water levels. Sources
of water contamination.
(d) The transmission of main engine power
including Thrust Blocks, and Propeller Shaft Bearings.
(e) A general knowledge of.--
(i) The Four-stroke. Two-stroke and Opposed Piston Two-stroke
cycle.
(ii) The various methods of Seavenge and
Super-charging. The cause and
prevention of Seavenge Fires.
(iii) The taking and use of Indicator
diagrams.
(iv) Warming up, Starting, Turning, Reversing
and stopping of
(v) Lubrication, Cooling and Fuel Systems.
(f) A
general knowledge of :-
(i) Impulse and Reaction Turbines.
(ii) The Dummy Pistion and Gearbox.
(iii) Pressure and Velocity Compounding.
(iv) Warming up, Starting, Turning, Reversing
and stopping a Main-Engine Turbine Lubrication.
(g) A general knowledge of the Principles of
Refrigeration and the Properties of Primary and Secondary Refrigerants.
(h) A General knowledge of :--
(i) The Principles of Piston, Rotary and
specialized Cargo Pumps.
(ii) The selection of pumps for Bilge,
Ballast, Feed, Cargo and Circulation purposes.
(iii)
(iv) Electrical distribution system,
protective devices, emergency supplies.
(i) A general knowledge of :--
(i) Electric and Hydraulic Steering Gear.
(ii) Associated Rotary Vane and Hele-Shaw
Type Pumps.
(iii) Deck Machinery, various types of m
ooring, anchor, and cargo handling machinery, operational limitations of each
type.
(j) The general principles of Control
Systems to include :-
(i) The overall advantages anddisadvantages
of pneumatic, Hydraulic and Electric Control System.
(ii) Open and Closed Loop System.
(iii) The Cascade Control.
(iv) Continuous, Discontinuous, Propertional,
Integral and Derivative Control Actions.
(v) Sensors used to measure variables in
temperature, pressure, liquid flow, liquid level, torque, humidity, gas content
and oil in water.
(vi) Methods of information display.
(vii) Data-logging, Alarm and Fail-safe
Systems.
(ix) The Advantages and Disadvantages of
various types of Actuators.
(x) The general layout and description of
the components used in the bridge Control of Main Engines, Steam and Diesel.
(a)
The
general principles of :--
(i) The Auto-helm and its connection to the
associated steering system.
(ii) Anti-rolling devices and the types of
censor and control required.
(iii) Gyro-stabilisation of Navigational Aids.
(iv) Course Recorders and Off-course Alarms.
(v) Logs and Speed Recorders.
(vi) Electric Telegraphs and associated Alarm
Systems.
(vii) Navigation Light Sentinel.
(viii) Helm and Rudder Indicators.
(ix) Bow Thruster and Controllable Pitch
Propellers.
(x) Master and Repeater Clocks.
(l) Safety Systems : Design construction
and operation of :-
(i) Smoke Detection Systems.
(ii) Co2 smothering.
(iii) Sprinkler System.
(iv) Automatic Ventilation Control.
(v) Explosion Meters : and
(vi) Foam Generators.
(m) Cargo Handling to include :-
(i) Distant
(ii) Remote Cargo Valve Control. Hatch
Covers and Refrigerated Cargoes.
(iii) Draft Gauges., Heel and Trim Indicators.
(n) A general knowledge of :-
(i) Basic consideration in data processing,
input storage/processing/output. Various
input/output media such as punched card, magnetic tape, paper tape, etc.
(ii) Various input/output devices such as
card reader, paper tape reader, magnetic tape drive.
(iii) Punched cards : Column, rows. How characters represented. Fields Card design.
(iv) Punching and verifying machine.
(v) Layout of computer installation,
memory, concept of stored programme, programme flow chart, source language,
Assemble/compiler Machine languages.
(vi) Use of computer in scientific,
commercial and other allied fields.
24. Magnetism,
Magnetic and Gyro Compasses—3 Hours—200 Marks.—(a) The construction of the
magnetic compass and binnacle, the effect of constraining a compass needle to
the horizontal plans. The method of
determination and compensation by means of components of the effect of a ship's
magnetic field on the magnetic compass.
The approximate co-officients A, B, C, D and E. Conditions which might produce co-efficients
A and E. Analysis of a table of
deviation to obtain approximate co-efficients.
Methods obtaining a table of deviations.
Constants Lambda and Mu. The ship's multiplier. To determine the deviation caused by a ship's
permanent magnetism and/or induced magnetism in vertical soft iron by means of
observations taken in two widely separated magnetic latitudes.
(b) General principles of compass correction
and the method of correction for co-efficients B,C and D. Heeling error, its cause, effects and the
method of correction. Effect of heeling
error magnets on soft iron correctors. A
simple treatment of the effect of degaussing.
(c) Sitting of compasses with reference to
the proximity of magnetic material and electrical appliances Care and
maintenance of liquid compasses.
(d) The properties of the free
gyroscope. The relationship between
applied force and precession. The effect
of the Earth's rotation on a free gyroscope Drift and tilt, damping. Errors associated with gyro compasses
including latitude, course and speed error ballistic deflection and its
relation to change of speed error.
Latitude, course and speed correction, rolling error and how it is
minimized. The principal system. Fundamental differences in the construction
and operation of the better known gyro compasses.
(e) An appreciation of the systems under the
control of the master gyro e.g. repeaters including these for D.F. and radar
stabilization automatic steering.
25. Safety Carriage of Goods and Ship
Maintenance—3 Hours 200 Marks.—(a) knowledge of the regulations relating to the
carriage and handling of cargo including the Merchant Shipping Grain Rules and
deck cargo regulations.
(b) Carriagge of dangerous goods in ships,
Precautions to be taken during loading and discharging operations and the care
of dangerous goods while making a sea passage.
(c) A
general knowledge of the relevant Merchant Shipping Notices and IMCO
publications including the Code of Safe Practice for bulk Cargoes.
(c) A
general knowledge of the relevant Merchant Shipping Notices and IMCO
publications including the Code of Safe Practice for bulk Cargoes.
(d) General principles of cargo stewage and
handling and more detailed knowledge of the item mentioned in (g) of the
General Ship knowledge paper for Second Mate Foreign Going. Calculation with
respect to the quantity of cargo to be loaded in the whole ship or in given
compartment taking into account stewage factor load densities, permissible draughts,
compatibiltty etc. Prevention of damage
by cargo to ensure the safety of the ship.
The carriage of special cargoes such as refrigerated cargo, liquids
shifting boards and bins. Modern methods
of carriage of cargo such as on pallets, and in containers, etc. Roll-on-roll
of vessels, unit handling of cargoes.
Ballasting of a vessels, precautions to tbe taken with solid ballast
Spontaneous combustion.
(e) Carriage of bulk oil and multi-grade of
cargoes. Load on top procedures. Pipling and dumping arrangements in bulk oil
carriers. Tank cleaning and gas
freeing. Ullage and temperature
calculations. Precautions to be taken
to avoid contamination of cargo. A
general knowledge of the international oil tanker and terminal safety guide and
tanker safety guide (petroleum) Terms and definitions used to describe
properties of common oil cargoes e.g. crude oil, middle distillates, naptha
etc.
(f) Requirements under the Merchant
Shipping (Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil) Rules.
(g) Inspection and maintenance of ship and
equipment, items to be covered include hull, bulkheads, double bottom, deep and
peak tanks, bilges, strums, pipelines, rudder anchors and cables, davits,
safety equipment, derricks and all items of cargo working gear, navigational
lights. Knowledge of the relevant parts
of the Factory Act. Drydocking General
procedures. Precautions to be observed.
Distribution of weights, General emergency repairs, repair lists.
(h) Properties and uses of paints, resins
and other protective coverings. Methods
of corrosion control in steelwork and between dissimilar metals including
cathodic protection. Treatment of woodkwork and composite docks. Maintenance of cement work.
(i) Documentation of vessel and cargo to
includes Mate's log book, mate's receipt,. boat notes, dangerous goods lists,
way bills and cargo plans, machinery (cargo gear) register.
(j) Maintenance of crew accommodation. Methods of
26. Orals And Practicals (a) Exceptional
circumstances. Loss of rudder and/or
propeller. Jury steering arrangements.
Action to be taken following collision or sustaining damage of any
kind. Temporary plugging of
leakage. Action to be taken on
grounding-methods of refloating, surveys subsequent to refloatin. Precantions when beaching a ship;
(b) Steps to be taken when disabled and in
distress. Preservation of passengers and
crew in the event of an emergency.
Limiting damage and salving the ship following fire or explosion. Abandoning ship; survival procedure. Abandoning a wrecked ship. Communications with the shore. The use of rockets and rocket apparatus.
(c) Assisting a ship or aircraft in
distress. The use of direction finding for
homing or to a casualty. Rescuring the
crew of a disabled ship or detached aircraft.
Manouevering for launching of life boats or life rafts in bad weathr. Man overboard procedures.
(d) Manoeuvring and handling of a ship in
all conditions. Monoeuvers on
approaching pilot vessels with due regard to whether, tide, headreach and
stopping distances. Handling a ship in
rivers, estuaries, etc. having regard to
the effect of current, wind and restricted water on the response to the
helm. Manoeuvring in shallow water,
including the reduction in keel clearance due to the effect of spual, rolling
and pitching. Interaction between
passing ships and between own ship and nearby naks, e.g. "canal
effect". Berthing and unberthing
under various conditions of wind and tide with and without tugs. Choice of anchorage, operation of anchoring
using one and two anchors in limited anchorages and factors involved in
determining the length of anchor cable to be used. Dragging, clearing foul anchors. Management and handling of ships in heavy
weather including assisting a ship or aircraft in distress, towing operations,
means of keeping an unmanageable ship out of the sea through and lessening
drift, use of oil Precautions in manoeuvring for launching boats or liferafts
in bad weather. Methods of taking on
board survivors from lifeboats or liferafts.
Ability to determine the manoeuvring and engine characteristics of major
types of ships with special reference to stopping distance and turning circle
at various draughts and speeds. The
importance of navigating with reduced speed with regard to avoiding daange to
own ship and caused by own ship's bow and stern wave. Practical measures to be taken when
navigating in ice or conditions of ice accumulation on board.
(e) Towing and being towed.
(f) Dry docking both intact and with
damage. Dry docking with full cargo for
inspection of propellers and shifting. Leaving ship water-borne. Putting into port with damage to ship and/or
cargo, both from business and technical points of view safeguarding of cargo.
(g) Prevention of fire at sea and in
port. Methods used to prevent the spread
of fire. Action to tbe taken to prevent
the spread of fire. Full knowledge of
the use of fire appliances and the precautions to be taken in their use. Appreciation of the ways in which action can
best be taken when emergencies arise in port, e.g. a fire on own or nearby
vessel, or aon adjacent port facility need to seek sea-room in the event of
adverse weather.
(h) General organization of ships
management. Crew welfare and training. Crew representation Complaints
procedure.
2. The examiner may ask the candidate
questions arising out of the written work, if it is deemed necessary on account
of weakness shown by the candidate.
Certificate
of Competency as Extra Master
Extra Master
PART "A"
27. Mathematics—200 Marks—3 Hours.—Theory of
Indices and Logarithms. Fractional and
Negative Indices. In qualities. Equations in which the unknown occurs as an
index.
Function as
a mapping of sets. Composite and inverse
functions Graphs of functions in the carlesian plane. Graphical solution of equations. Limits of functions.
Linear and
quadratic functions. Theory of
quadratics. Partial fractions. Remainder and factor theorems.
Determination
of laws by reduction to linear form.
Binomial
expansion for positive inegral indices.
Use, without proof, of fractional and negative indices.
Sequences
and Series. Elementary treatment of convergence. Arithmetic, geomet, i.e. expenential and logarithmic
series.
Use of
series in finding approximations and limits.
The general
angle. Degree and radian measure.
Circular functions.
Trignometrical
identities. General solution of
trigonometrical equations.
Problems
involving compund, multiple and sub-multiple angles. Inverse circular functions.
Spherical
triangles, Napier's Rules, Sine and Cosine Rules for spherical triangles.
Area of
spherical triangle. Polar triangles, Derived formulae including Haversine
Formula and Four Part Rule.
Differentiation
of algebraic circular, exponential logarithmic and inverse circular functions,
product, quotient and chain rules.
Successive
differentiation.
Integration
as inviee of differentiation.
Integration by change of variable, by partial fractions and by
parts. Applications of integration to
the evalution of plan areas, volumes.
Mean values. Numerical
integration, trapezoidal and Simpson's Rules.
Solution of
simple differential equations of the first order with variables separable. Homogenous equations, Integrating factor,
Numerical solution of questions in one unkown, Newton-Rephson method.
MECHANICS AND STATISTICS
Addition
and subtration of vectors. Multiplication of scalar and vector.
Force as a
vector quantity. Resolution of complanar
forces. Resultant of system of complanar
forces acting at a point. Equilibrium.
Three Force
problems, Lami's Theorem.
Stress,
strain, Hookes Law and Youngs Law.
Prallel
forces, moments, couples, Reduction of a system of complanar forces acting on a
rigid body. Equilibrium conditions, friction, center of gravity loaded frameworks.
Displacement,
velocity and acceleration as vectors. Relative velocity and acceleration.
Rectilinear motion of a particle with uniform acceleration.
Motion of a particle
under gravity. Connected particles.
Projectiles.
Mass, momentum, force,
Impulse, work, energy, power, Principles of Conservation of
linear momentum and energy. Direct and oblique impact including use of
Shearing force and bending moment
diagrams for point and uniformly distibued loads.
Rectilinear m otion of a particle with variable acceleration
where the acceleration is a function of time of displacement.
Simple Harmonic Motion.
Motion in a circle (Horizontal and vertical) Simple
pendulum. Conical pendulum.
Moment of inertia, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems.
Angular momentum and knitetic energy of rotating bodies.
Representation of numerical date.Frequency distributions.
Mean and standard deviation of distrete and grouped
distributions.
Elementary probability theory, including conditional
probability.
Probility distribution of a random variable. Hinomial Poisson, rectangular and normal
distributions. Mathematical expectation,
especially mean and variance. Simpling
distribution of the mean, standard error, Confidence Limits, Hypothesis
testing, Testing means and difference between means.
28. PHYSICS-200 MARKS—3 HOURS SI units will
be used throughout but questions may contain other practical units such as the
minute, hour, degree Celsius.
Heat.
Behaviour of an ideal gas with changes in pressure, volume
and temperature. Simple knitetic theory of an ideal gas including derivation of
the formula.
p-1/3 pc2 and use of
Avogadro's number
The relationship between temperature and molecular kniotic
energy.
Internatal energy of a gas. First law of thermodynamics.
Steady flow energy equation, enthalpy.
Difference between the principal specific heat capacities of
an ideal gas. Proof of Cp-Cv-R. Ratio of
specific heats and its dependence on atmicity.
Reversible isothermal and adiabatic changes.
Word done in isobatic, isothermal and adiatic expansions.
Saturated and unsaturated vapours. S.V.P. Boiling.
Dew point and relative humidity. Specific humidity (humidity mixing ratio).
Behaviour of real gases.
Critical temperatures.
Thermalconductivity, calculation of linear steady flow
conditions.
Thermal radiation. Electromagnetic spectrum.. Methods of
detection. Prevost's theory of
exchanges. Black body radiation and
distribution of energy. Variation of
wavelength of maximum energy with temperature.
Emissive and absorptive power. Kirchoffs law of radiation. Stelan's
law. Solar constant and radiation
received from the sun.
Conversion of heat to work.
Thermodynamic cycles. Carnot cycle.
Thermal efficiency.
Reversibility Second law of Thermodynamics. Entropy, Reversed cycles, reversed Carnot
cycle and vapour compression cycle. Coefficients of performance for
refrigerator and heat pump.
Waves.
Descriptive treatment of free and forced vibaration, damping
reasonne, Simple mathematical treatment of transverse and longitudinal waves. Simple harmonic waves ralation between
velocity, frequency and wave length.
Superposition of collinear waves, formation of standing waves. Beats.
Light
Knowledge of and use of formula for formation of images by
reflexion at plane and spherical surfaces.
Refraction at plane and spherical surfaces. Critical angle and total internal reflection.
Knowledge of and use of thins lens formulae. Thin lenses in contact.
Simple treatment of compund microscope and binoculars. Magnification and exit pupil. Details of
eve-pieces not required.
Refraction and dispersion by prisms. Dispersive power. Condition for minimum
deviation and the formula connecting refractive index. Thin prisms.
Descriptive treatment of spherical aberration,
comastigmatism, curvature of field and distortion. Chromatic aberration and
achromatic doublet without calculations.
Spectra and colour.
Luminous intensity. luminous-flus, illumination,
Photometers, photovoltaic cell.
Huygen's principle, derivation of laws of refraction and reflection
at a plane surface.
Interference. Young's
double slit experiment. Thin flims,
normal incidence only.
Non-reflecting films, blooming.
Difractive, single slit, Descriptive treatment of
differetion by circular aperature and resolving powr of a telescope.
Natural phenomena, mirages, looming, hale rainbow, corona.
Speed of light, Romer's and Michelson's methods.
Sound.
Velocity sound in gases, liquids and rods, Factors affecting
the velocity. Measurement of velocity in
gases and rods. Reflextion and
refraction. Effect of wind velocity
gradient on propagation, Doppler effect.
Intensity of sould, The decibel scale, Loudness the phon and dBA.
Descriptive treatment of noise, ar-borne and
structure-borne. Factors affecting
transmission and damping.
Part B.
29.INTERNATIONAL
MARITIME AGREEMENTS AND LEGAL KNOWLEDGE—3 HOURS—100 MARKS 1. IMCO Conventions.
(a) Application :
(i) The functions of IMCO and the
implementation of Conventions.
(ii) Excepted and exempted ships.
(iii) Non-Convention ships.
(b) Certificates—the certificates required
to be carried by vessels on international voyages.
(c) Safety of Navigation :
(i) Arrangements for monitoring hazards and
the duties of masters.
(ii) Traffic separation and control.
(iii) Search and rescue.
(d) Cargoes :
(i) Code of Safe Practice for Bulk Cargoes.
(ii) Dangerous Goods Code.
(iii) Grain.
(iv) Other Codes relating to ships carrying
speciaslised cargoes.
(e) (i) Reporting casualties and the findings of inquiries.
(ii) Reporting of sub-standard ships.
(f) Pollution—agreements
on pollution.
2. Health—(a) International agreements and
measurces to prevent the spreed of disease by shipping.
(b) International organization for medical
advice at sea.
(c) International arrangements for medical
assistance at sea.
3. Other international agreements and
conventions affecting shipping.
4. Commercial.
(a) Marine Insurance Act.—an understanding
of the content and meaning.
(ii) York-Antwerp Rules—a knowledge of the
rules;
(b) Hague Rules—a general knowledge of the
rules relating to the carriage of goods by sea.
SECTION b.
5. National legislation resulting from the international agreements.
6.Merchant Shipping Acts and related legislation as applied
to :
(a) Crew :
(i) the engagement and discharge of seamen :
(ii) the terms and conditions of their
employment;
(iii) offences and discipline ;
(iv) allotments and advances ;
(v) complaints procedure ;
(vi) manning
and certification.
(b) General.
(i) investigations, inquirieis and courts
:;
(ii) prosdcution of offences;
(ii) detention and unseaworthy ships ;
(iv) liens ;
(v) wreck and salvage.
30. MARINE
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES – 3 HOURS—100 MARKS.
Section A Meteorology. The
meteorological elements, weather systems, weather forecasting as outlined in
Government publication:
In addition
the following will be examined in some depth :
(i) Adiabatic processes, lapse rates and
stability.
(ii) Coriolis and centrifugal effects,
geostorphic wind equation: veracity, jet streams, atmospheric circulation.
(iii) Frontogenesis and frontolysis.
2. Oceanography :
(i) General characteristics of the seas,
Bottom topography Coastillines and beaches.
(ii) Physical properties of sea water Light
penetration and colour of the sea.
(iii) Heat budget of the oceans. Distribution
of salinity, temperature and density.
Water masses.
(iv) Causes of Ocean currents, Surface and
sub-surface circulation.
Section B
1. Marine Resources : (a) Fishing :
(i) Types of fish; geographical location of
fishing grounds conservation of resources.
(ii) Modern demersal and pelagic fishing
methods.
(iii) Factor vessels.
(iv) Marine fish farming.
(b) Minerals :
(i) Methods of extracting minerals from sea
water.
(ii) Desalination processes.
(iii) Sand and gravel dredging
(iv) Extraction of minerals from the sea bed
and sub-sea mining.
(c) Oil and Gas :
(i) Types of drilling rigs, drill ships
wellheads, production plane forms, storage facilities and types of sea
terminal.
(ii) General ideas on drilling.
(iii) Pipelaying and the use of submersibles.
(d) Power :
General ideas on harnessing energy
from the sea, tidal power stations.
(2) Sea Surveying—The techniques of
surveying involved in the appreciation of the topies outlined in Section I.
(i) Control.
(ii) Position on fixing
(iii) Seismic and sonal profiling.
(iv) Sea bed sampling.
A general knowledge of :
(a) Tide raising forces—the equilibrilum
tide, modern tidal theory.
(b) The Earth's tides :
(i) Their classification and principal
hormonic components, methods of analysis and prediction.
(ii) Determination of Mean Sea Level.
(iii) Establishment of datums, methods of
transfer of datums along coasts.
(iv) The use of co-tidal charts.
(v) Tidal streams and currents and their
measurement.
(c) sesmic and meteorological surges,
sciches, bores and related phenomena, seasonal and long term changes in mean
sea level.
4. Pollution of the Sea by ships.—A
general knowledge of the effects on the environment and the methods of
international control for the following sources of pollution.
(a) Oil.
(b) Noxious substances.
(c) Sewage.
(d) Garbage.
PART 'C'
31. NAVAL
ARCHITECTURE : 200 MARKS—3 HOURS SECTION 'A'—1. The application of Simpson's Rules to the
determination of area, center of area,
transverse and longitudinal second moment of areas, volumes and center of
buyoney.
Approximate position of the center of buyoncy e.g. Morrish's
formula Bonjean curve.
Fluid thrust of plance and curved surfaces. Centre of Pressure.
2. Transverse Stability. Stability at small angles of heel. The derivation of BMt-It/V. The effect of
shift of weights, suspended weights, free surface effects including sub-division
of tanks and cross connected tanks.
Stability at large angles of heel. Concept of righting moments and
excitation moment. Limitation of GM as
stability criter on. Effect of shift of weights and free surface on the curve
of statical stability. Computer
applications. The wallsided formula and
its limitation. Theory of self righting
lifeboats. Dynamical stability and
method of determining the ability of the ship to servive given dangerous
situation, e.g. heavy lift over the side wind gusts, wave effects and passenger
crowding. The effect of free trim to
dynamical stability.
3. Longitudinal stability. Derivation of BM1-IV. Trim True mean draught.
Change in draught due to change in density.
Loading problem.
4. Flooding of Ships. Its effect on static and dynamical
stability. Resulting heel and trim
angles due to flooding. Application to
box shaped and ship shaped vessels.
5. Drydocking of Ships. General precautions and problems concerning
block pressures tripping of blocks loaded ships, trim and change of stability
Grounding.
6. Launching. Problems of launching from a slipway
launchways, crack propets stopping of the ship of drag chans. The launching diagram.
7. Stress and strain, simple bet ding
theory section modulus, application to simple beams and to ship, stresses and
strains on a ship when in still water and in a seaway.
The use of
load, shearing force and bending moment curves.
Calculations relating to box shaped vessels. Stress indicators.
8. A comprehensive knowledge of the use of
all kinds of hydrostatic stability and stress date supplied to all types of
vessel, including e.g. container ships, LNG, LPG, fishing vessels and dredgers.
9. Manoeurving and Ship Motions, Ship
measured mile and manoeuvring trials, Evalution of steering characteristics and
application to the design of hull and rudder.
Angle of heel when turning. Shallow water effect in manoeuvring. Interaction.
Ship
motions. A general appreciation of waves
and the concept of the seaway. The six
degrees of freedom of a ship. The
definition and cause of each ship motion.
The effect of ship motions on the stability and safety of the vessel. Capasizing of hips due to beam seas and
following and quartering seas. Methods
of reducing ship motions.
10. Ship Vibration. A general knowledge of ship structural
vibration. Prevention and reduction of
vibration.
SECTION-b
Safety in Design
A general
understading of the design features contributing to the safety of the following
types of vessel:
(a)
Passenger
and car ferries
(b)
Type
A and B ship.
(c)
Tankers.
(d)
Chemical
carriers.
(e)
LNG/LPG
ships.
(f)
Container
ships.
(g)
Dredgers.
(h)
Hydrofoils
(i)
Hovercrafts.
(j)
Submersibles.
(k)
Nuclear
ships.
(i.e. subdivision, fire protection, free board insulation,
tank coatings, containment systems and specialized carto handling systems where
applicable.)
32. NAVIGATIONAL AIDS—3 HOURS—100 MARKS—A
knowledge of electronic circuits will not be required :
1. Position Lince. Theory of position
lines. Effects of observational errors
in position lines and fixes. Statistical treatment of errors. Mathematical theory of hyperbolac and the
hyperbolic lattice.
2. Hyperbolic Systems. A full understanding of the principles. Characteristics, accuracy and errors
associated with marine hyperbolic systems.
Decca. Loran and Omega. Short
range/hight accuracy system. Plotting
and recording equipment.
3. Radio Direction Finding Principles and
characteristics. CRT and digital
presentation. Radio beacons and rotating
pattern beacons.
4. Velocity, Distance and Depth Measuring
Instruments, Echo Sounders. Logs. Berthing aids. Applications of Doppler principle.
5. Marine Radar. Basic principles and
practical use. Characteristics of modern
radars. Secondary radar including Racon
and Ramark. Collision avoidance systems.
Piloting methods. Effects of
errors in plotting. Analysis of
casualties involving radar.
6. Satellite Navigation Basic theory and
practical use.
7. Intergrated Navigational Systems. Basic principles and practical use.
8. Research and Development. An outline knowledge of other systems under
development for example :
(a)
Laser
beams.
(b)
Infra-red
techniques.
(c)
Submarine
acoustic transponders.
(d)
(e)
Ship
indentification.
(f)
Dynamic
positioning systems.
(g)
Leader
cables.
9. Gyro
Compass. A full theoretical and
practical understanding of commercial gyro compasses in common use. The basic theory and practical use of
inertial navigation systems.
33. NAVIGATION—100 MARKS – 3 HOURS SECTION A.—1 (A) A deeper understanding of the principals of
Navigation will be required than for the lower grades.
(b) The properties of spherical triangles.
(c) Errors in astronomical terrestrial
observations and position lines and fixes.
(d) Kepler's Laws.
(e) Stellar magnitudes.
(f) Co-ordinated Universal Time
(g) The contents of the Abridged Nautical
Almanac.
(h) The theory of the sextant, corrections
and errors in sextants.
(i) Geocentric and geographic latitude.
2. Derivation and application of the
formulate used for :
(a)
Ex-meridian tables.
(b)
Pole Star tables.
(c)
A, B and C tables.
(d)
Rates of changes of azimuth and altitude
(e)
Maximum and minimum altitudes.
(f)
Augmentation of the Moon's semi-diameter.
(g)
Parallax.
(h)
Terrestrial refraction.
(i)
Dip and distance of the sea and shore horizons.
3. The
theory and a general appreciation of the properties of the following
projections :
(a)
Mercator.
(b)
Transverse
Mercator.
(c)
Gnomonic.
(d)
Lamberts-conical
orthomorphic,
(e)
Sterographic.
4. Special
problems in navigation :
(a)
High
latitude navigation.
(b)
Navigation
of high speed surface craft and sub-surface craft.
5. Collision
avoidance :
(a)
Collision
avoidance and manoeuvring systems.
(b)
Routeing
systems.
(c)
Traffic
control organization.
6. Search and
Rescue :
(a)
Procedures.
(b)
Patterns.
(c)
Plotting.
SECTION—B—1. A
full theoretical and practical understanding of the causes of deviation at the
magnetic compass including conditions of no deviation and methods of practical
correction.
2. The
statutory requirements and contents of M.S. Notices concerning the provisions,
siting, and maintance of Ship's compasses, and the siting of other equipment in
the vicinity.
3. Transmitting
magnetic and gyro-magnetic compasses.
4. The
theory of degaussing in ships.
SECTION –V
WATCH KEEPING OFFICER
PART "A"—(Written)
1. ELEMENTARY PHYSICS—2 HOURS—150 MARKS.
(a) Mechanics-Force : mangnitude and direction. Vector diagrams; resolution of
forces; resultants; parallel forces; couples.
Moments about a point. Centre of gravity. Finding the center of gravity of regular
laminar. The states of equilibrium. Mass, gravity, weight, work done by a force
power and energy. Kinetic and potential
energy. Machines: lever, pully, wheel
and axle, screw. Load; effort, velocity
ratio; mechanical advantage; friction; efficiency. Stress and strain; clasticity of material
Hook's law.
(b) Hydrostatics—Density; specific
gravity. The constant weight
bydrometer. Simple liquid barometer and
manometer. Archimedes principle and principle
of flotation. Boyle's law. Simple lift pumps and force pumps.
(c) Heat-Temperature ; Kolvin, Celsius, and
Maharenheit scales, Expansion of solids and liquids. Co-efficients or
expansion; Principale of the thermometer and bimetal strip. Relation between pressure, volume, and temperature
of an ideal gas. Heat as a form of
energy; Specific heat; latent heat.
Changes of state (particularly water-vapour/water/ice). Transference of heat by conduction,
convection, and radiation.
(d) Light-Rectilinear propagation; laws of
reflection and refraction at plane surfaces. Atmospheric refraction. Refractive indices; critical agnles; total
internal reflection. Thin convex lences;
the focal plane, focal length; real and virtual images; magnification. The measurement and units of luminous
intensity of lights.
(e) Electricity—The electron theory.
Insulators and conductors; current, difference of potential, resistance and
their units; Ohm's Laws; series and parallel circuits. Measurement of power. The heating effect of a
current. The magnetic effect of a
current. The shape and direction of the
magnetic field around a straight conductor or a solenoid. simple electromagnet. Principle and use of moving coil and moving
iron types of measuring instruments.
(f) Magnetism—Domain theory of magnetism in
ferro-magnetic materials. The shape and
direction of magnetic fields. Laws of attraction and repulsion. Concept of magnetically "hard" and
"soft" iron. Methods of making magnets.
The earth's magnetic field, poles and equator. Resolution of the earth's total filed into
horizontal and vertical components. Dip,
variation.
2. ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS—2 HOURS—150
MARKS—(a) Algebra-Addition, substruction, multiplication, division, law of
indices, insertion and removal of brackets.
Simple equations.problems.
Development of formulae, transposition, and blems. Development of
formulae. transposition, and evaluation.
Simultaneous equations of the first order involving 2
unkown—problems. Simple factors. Fractions.
The solution of the quadratic equation --- problems. Graphs. Axes of reference.
Rectangular and polar co-ordinates.
Construction and reading of graphical diagrams. Problems on graphs. Ratio, proportion, and variation-simple
problems.
(b) Common Logarithms—The practical use of
logarithms to base 10 ; their use in calculations involving multiplication,
division, powers and roots.
(c) measuration-Areas and perimeters of
rectangle; trangle, and circle. Areas of
regular plygons, parallelograms, sectors, and segments of a circle, volumes and
surface areas of rectangular and triangular prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones
spheres, and right frustrums. Practical
applications.
(d) Plance Geometry—The construction of place triangles Congruence of triangles. Therightangled triangle. Exterior angle equal to the sum of interior
opposite angles. Sum of angles in a triangle. similar triangles and raio of
corresponding sides. Parallel lines and
transversal. Properties of circule,
chords, and tangents. Angle in a
semi-circcle; angles substended by any chord of a circle. Inscribed circles and circumscribed circles.
(e) Spherical Trignometry-Properties of
spherical triangle. solution of
spherical triangle by haversine formulae, since formulae, and Napier's rules
and right angled or quardrantal triangle.
(f) Plane Trignometry-Measurement of
angles. Circular measure. Trignometrical
ratios upto one complete revolution. Haversine.
simple relationship between ratios.
Complementary and supplementary angles and their ratios. Simple
identities and equations.
Solution of right-angled and oblique angled triangles including
practical problems based thereon. The
use of the Traverse Tables for solution of right-angled triangles.
PART "B"
3. General Ship Knowledge—3 Hours—200
Marks –Syllabus for this Paper shall be the same as prescribed for General Ship
Knowledge for Second Mate Foreign-Going (See para 3 of Section III of this
Appendix).
4. Bridge Equipment and Watch Keeping—2
Hours—100 Marks—Syllabus for this Paper shall be the same as prescribed for
'Bridge Equipment and Watch-keeping for Second Mate Foreign-Going (See para 5
of Section III of this Appendix).
PART "C"
6. Practical Navigation-3 Hours-150
Marks—Syllabus for this paper shall be the same as prescribed for
'Practical Navigation' for Second Mate
ForeignGoing (See para 6 of Section III of this Appendix).
7. Chart Work and Pilotage—2 Hours—150
Marks—Syllabus for this paper shall be the same as prescribed for 'chartwork
and Pilotage' for Second Mate Foreign-going (See para 7 of Section III of this
Appendix).
PART "D"
8. Oral and Pilotage—Syllabus for this
Part shall be the same as prescribed for Part 'D'—Orals for Second Mate
Foreign-going (See para 9 of Section III of this Appendix).
PART "E"
9. Syllabus for this Part is the same as
prescribed for part 'E' Signals for Second Mate Foreign-Going (See para 10 of
Section III of this Appendix)
MATE (HOME TRADE)
PART 'A'
10. Practical Navigation—3 Hours—150
Marks—Syllabus for this examination shall be the same as prescribed for
Practical Navigation for First mate Goreign-Going (See para 11 of Section III
of this Appendix).
11. Chart Work and Pilotage—2 Hours—150
Marks—syllabus for this examination shall be the same as prescribed for
Chartwork and Pilotage for First Mate Foreign-going (See para 15 of Section III
of this Appendix).
12. Meteorology—2 Hours—100 Marks—Syllabus
for this examination shall be the same as prescribed for Meteorology for First
Mate Foreign-Going (See Para 13 of Section III of this Appendix).
PART 'B'
13. Ship Construction and Stability—3
Hours—200 Marks—(a) The principal structural members of a ship. The proper names of the various parts. The construction of the midship sections of
single deck, tween deck and shelter deck ships.
The functions, construction and stiffening of watertight bulk heads
including the collision bulkhead. The
construction of rudders and memthods of attachment. The construction, stiffening and closing
arrangement of hatchways. Rivets and
riveting including testing rivets.
(b) The stresses and strains in ships in a
seaway or due to loading and ballasting.
The parts of a ship which are specially strengthened in order to
withstand local and general stresses, or to offset the effects of excessive
corrosion.
(c) General ideas on welding and burning and
precautions to be taken when such processes are carried out on board. Knowledge of basic joints used in welding and
preparation of same.
(d) Knowledge of : Writing a report of
damage sustained during a voyage.
Directing simple repairs, and Certificates of seaworthiness.
(e) Outline knowledge of classification of
ships.
(f) Knowledge of period and conditions of
validity for loadline and cargo ship safety construction certificate and the
document provided on board in respect thereof.
(g) Elementary
knowledge of tonnage measurement and Certificates.
(h) A knowledge of : The righting a couple
when a ship is inclined by an external force.
The transverse and longitudinal metacentres metacentric height.
(i) The computation of areas and volumes by
Simpson's first and second rules.
(j) The determination of the center of
gravity of a shipl in a new condition, the center of gravity in the previous
condition being given. The effect on the
position of the cnetre of gravity of adding, removing or shifting weights. The behavious of stiff and tender ships. The effect of a shift of cargo or solid
ballast. The danger of free surface of liquids.
(k) The calculation of change of trim,
moment to change trim per cms. and the position of the center of floatation
being given. The use of stability curves
and date supplied to a ship. Effect of
bilging of a compartment on the ship.
(No calculations).
14. Safety Carriage of Goods and ship Maintenance—2
Hours—150 Marks—(a) Knowledge of the regulations relating to the carriage and
handling of cargo, including the Merchant Shipping Grain Rules, carriage of
dangerous goods in ships and the relevant parts of the factories act. A general knowledge of the relevant Merchant
Shipping notices and IMCO publications including the Code of Safe Practice for
bulk Cargoes.
(b) General principles of cargo stowage and
handling. Prevention of damage by cargo
to ensure the safety of the ship.
Calculation with respect of the quantity of cargo to be loaded in the
whole ship or in given compartment taking into account stowage load factor
densities, permissible draughts, compatibility etc. The carriage of special cargoes such as
refrigerated cargo, deck cargoes and heavy lifts. The use of shifting boards and bins. Modern methods of carriage of acrgo such as
on pallets, and in containers etc. Roll
on roll off vessels, unit handling of cargoes.
Ballasting of a vessel precautions to be taken with solid ballast. Spontaneous combustion.
(c) Requirement under M.S. (Prevention of
Pollution of the Sea by Oil) Rules including the keeping of records.
(d) Carriage of bulk oil. Piping
arrangements in bulk oil carriers. Tank cleaning and gas freeding. A general knowledge of the tanker safety
code.
(e) Inspection ad maintenance of ship and
equipment; items to be covered include hull, bulkheads, double bottom, deep and
peak tanks, bilges, strums, pipelines, rudder, anchors and cables, davits,
safety equipment, derricks and all items of cargo working gear. Drydocking routine, General emergency repairs, repair lists.
(f) Maintenance of crew accommodation,
Methods of pest control. Fumigation of
holds and living spaces, safeguards in applying various methods.
(g) Properties and uses of paints, resins,
and other protective coverings. Methods
of corrosion control in steelwork and between dissimilar metals. Treatment of woodwork and composite decks.
Maintenance of cement work.
(h) Documentation of vessel and cargo to
include: Mate's log book, mates' receipts, boat notes, dangerous goods lists, and
cargo plans.
15. Magnetism, electricity, magnetic and
Gyro compass—2 Hours—150 Marks---In addition to para (c) and (d) of Elementary
Physics paper candidates will be required to have fuller knowledge of the
following:-
1. Magnetism
(a) The meaning of the terms Intensity of Magnetisation, Magnetic
Susceptibility and Permeability (No mathematical formule will be required).
(b) The Earth's magnetic field. The Earth's magnetic poles. Magnetic equator. The Earth's total magnetic
force. Angle of dip. Horizontal and vertical components. Magnetic variation (No mathematical formulae
will be required).
2. Magnetic Compass.—(a) The effect of
construaining a compass needle to the horizontal plance. The effect of introducing a disturbing force
into the vicinity of a compass needle.
(b) The care and maintenance of different
types of ship's compasses.
3. Electricity.—(a) Measuring
Instruments-moving coil and moving iron.
electro-magnetic induction.
Movement of a conductor in a field.
Variation in magnitude of a field.
Effect of make and break of a current.
Induction coil. unit of
Inductance.
(b) Electro-static field. Unit of capacity. Condensor or Capacitor.
(c) Fuses Switches and simple ship's
circuits. use of measuring
instruments. How to measure current and
voltage.
(d) magneto-stiction.
(e) Principal symbols used in diagrams.
4. Gyro-Compass.(a) A simple
non-mathematical treatment of the following: The principle of the Free
Gyroscope. The effect of the earth's rotation. Tit and drift. procession, Gravity control. Damping.
(d) Description of a gyro compass. Latitude, course and speed errors. Repeaters,
Operation and care of the main types of gyro compass.
16. Orals and Practical.—Syllabus for this examination shall be the same as prescribed for Orals and Practicals for first mate Foreign-Going except that the size of ship shall be limited to 3000 tons gross. (See para 18 of Sectio